Decontamination

Decontamination is the removal of harmful substances from a patient’s body to prevent transmission or further absorption by the patient .

These substances include chemical, biological, and radiological agents.

Children may be exposed to these substances through accidental releases from chemical plants, transportation accidents (vinyl chloride release), or intentional terrorist attacks.

The smaller the child, the bigger the problem.

The successful decontamination of children requires consideration of their differing physiology and psychosocial needs.

Because children are more prone to hypothermia, it is preferable to use warm water for decontamination and prepare a site for decontamination that will protect them from the cold.

It may also be difficult to effectively decontaminate children due to their fear or anxiety.

Families and children should be separated if necessary for medical management but should be avoided if possible.

If children are separated from their family, plans for reunification should be implemented.

99% of chemical contamination can be eliminated by removing clothes and wiping skin with a paper towel or dry wipe.